SOSIOLOGI-SMA

This blog is created for students who like to study sociology profoundly especially for those who are in senior high level. The items are summaries from books related to sociology in senior high level. So, please feel free to copy as a resource of your study. ----Yustinus Heri Purnomo-----

Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and contribute to society. Thus, culture includes many societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions. This latter term institution refers to clusters of rules and cultural meanings associated with specific social activities. Common institutions are the family, education, religion, work, and health care. Popularly speaking, being cultured means being well-educated, knowledgeable of the arts, stylish, and well-mannered. High culture —generally pursued by the upper class—refers to classical music, theater, fine arts, and other sophisticated pursuits. Members of the upper class can pursue high art because they have cultural capital , which means the professional credent

1. Observation      Observation is an intended and sytematic study of social  phenomena       through observing social life.       a. Participative observation           An observation in which observer participates among the respondents activities.       b. Simulation/Experimental Observation           To analyze situation by using experimental observation.       The strengths of Observation        - easy and direct in having experience with social phenomena.        - can collect information both visible and invisible phenomena such as psycological           phenomena.        - able to take note from many respondents in the same time.       The weaknesses of observation        - taking more time        - observe is sometime behave unnaturally.   2. Interview     Collecting data through direct interaction with data source.     Based on Characteristics     a. guided interview (wawancara terpimpin)     b. unguided interview     c. free guided interview. 3. Ques

What it me ant by research? Research is scientific activity of analysing and constructing on certain systematic and consistent method. Marzuki : Research is an attemp to collect, seek and analyze a fact on certain problem. W. Lawrence Neuman : A method to collect information by using systematic procedural to get knowledge objectively. The aims of research 1. To strengthen knowledge 2. To develop knowledge The requirement of research Systematic, research does based on certain pattern. Planned, research does intendingly and doing by using steps.   Apply scientific concept. Thinking Framework a researcher should have   Analytic : He/She always analyze every question or problems occurred. Critical : Using logical thinking and considering everything objectively based on                  data and analysis of clear thought. Skeptica l: do not take for granted but questioning   every proof of problem and evidence. Honest

Socialization process produces conformity. Conformity is interaction form , which   an individual behave to others according with group or society   expectation where he live in (John M Shepard) . Meanwhile behaviour which is not appropriate with values, norms in society is called deviance (deviant behaviour). •           Korblum     Deviance cannot be categorized only for individual or society but also happen toward social institution. •           James W. Van der Zanden     Deviant behaviour is bhaviour Penyimpangan perilaku merupakan tindakan yang oleh sejumlah besar orang dianggap sebagai hal yang tercela dan di luar batas toleransi •           Robert M.Z. Lawang     Perilaku menyimpang adalah semua tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan norma-norma yang berlaku dalam suatu sistem sosial DEVIANCE RESOURCES Edward H. Sutherland       D ifferential association to address the issue of how people learn deviance. According to this theory, the environment pl