SOSIOLOGI-SMA

A. CROWD Definition The  crowd  is defined as a relatively large number of people in close proximity to each other (this is sometimes referred to as  localized collectivities ). The crowd reacts at once to a common focus or concern. This is different than the  mass , which refers to people who are concerned about a common concern and influence each other's thinking but are not within close proximity of one another (often referred to as  dispersed collectivities ). Crowds share characteristics: They do not define how to behave or share clear expectations on what will happen. They often feel something must be done right away to address their common concern. Attitudes and ideas about the common concern spread very quickly among crowd members. They often do and say things that they would normally not do, and they go along with the actions of others in the crowd. Crowd Types There are four different types of crowds. 1. Casual Crowd This crowd probably formed as

DEFINITION An observable facts or events that can cause social change which involve individual, group, society, institution and environment SOCIAL PHENOMENA SHAPE ( BENTUK GEJALA SOSIAL ) Positive Social Phenomena 1.        Development 2.        Education 3.        Law enforcement 4.        Social empowering 5.        Corruption eradication 6.        Women role Negative Social Phenomena 1.        Poverty 2.        Ignorance (Kebodohan) 3.        Terorism 4.        Corruption, Collusion and nepotism Social Phenomena Shape 1.        Social physical Such as technology(Computer, Handphone, 2.        Social Non-Physical Such as Ideologies, Life style Sociological concept related to social phenomena 1.        Social Structure:   Social elements such as social institution, social group. 2.        Social Process : Mutual influence such as politic and economy 3.        Social change:   Changing in any social aspect such as farming societies in

Definition Socialisation is internalization and transfer process of habit, value and norm from one generation to next generation in a society.    Factors personality forming 1.  Biological inheritance 2. Physical Environment 3. Culture 4. Group experience 5. Unique experience Socialization Agents Family and Socialization       First socialization for individual       Learn values and norms from significant other (parents, or grandparents)   Peer Group (Teman Sepermainan) and Socialization l   The first agency of socialization not controlled by adults. l   Provides young people with experiences they cannot easily obtain elsewhere. l   Teach young people to deal with others as equals. l   Help them gain experience in self-direction and establish independence from adults.  School and Socialization l   The first agency of socialization controlled by nonrelatives. l   Expose children to standards of performance applie

Social Interaction Social Interaction is reciprocal relationship in the form of action that influence between individual and individual, individual and group, group and group.  In the social interaction process individual or group are work together, doing interaction, having conflict formal and non formal and directly or indirectly. In social interaction, reciprocal relationship that involves social aspect and humanity in both sides such as emotion, physical, interest happen. According to Charles P. Loomis a relation is called social interaction if it has some conditions 1. The doer or agent is more than one 2.  There is communication between agents using language or symbols. 3. There is time dimension: past time, present time and future time. 4. There is a goal to achieved as the result of the interaction. The conditions in order to social interaction happen there should be social contact and communication. Social Contact Social contact can happen not

Social Norms 1. The essence of social norm.      Social norm is related to social value. Social value is  measurement      of behavior, whereas, social norm is rule of behavior.      In another words, social norm is behavior’s pattern that people want,      whereas social norm constitutes behavior’s pattern that people must do.             * Social norm consists of behavior rule that is considered the best               and worthy for people to do so in everyday life. What is the relation of social norm and social value? •          Social norm is made to keep social value alive and exist. -           ordering for not against parents, order for not committing                   crimes (raping, stealing etc).             Social norms have difference power. There are some norms with             weak sanctions but there are some with very tight sanction. So we can conclude that social norm is life's guideline consisted of orders and prohibitions

Some methods used by sociologists to investigate and explain social problems Sociologists develop theories based on observations of society. Sociologists use scientific methods, such as description, statistics, survey, experimentation, and observation, to test their theories •       Case Study : The report filed by a sociologist from field observations. •       Data Information : Description The use of words to tell how something actually happened. •       Hypothesis : A possible answer or approach to a problem. •       Probability : The likelihood that an event will occur. •       Sample : A representative group Survey One of the major methods used by modern sociologists to gather information, or data, is the sociological survey. In this method, people are asked questions about themselves and about their attitudes toward many things, such as social problems, new ideas, or new political or economic changes. •       Surveys always concern a sampli

Value The meaning of social value The measurement of behavior that is considered good important, and valuable for certain society. Why certain society? Because every society has their own value and sometimes different from other society. However, there are values that accepted as general. What they say about Value 1. Soerjono Soekanto     Value as abstract conception within the human being that are consider good and bad. 2. Kimball Young     Formulates social value as abstract elements and often are not awarded as true and important. 3. A.W. Green     Formulates social value as awareness that happen relatively, a long with emotion upon object and       personal idea.    4. Woods      Says that social value is common guidance that has been exist for long time, which directs                   behavior  and satisfaction in everyday life. 5. Robert M.Z. Lawang     Says value is description about what it is wanted, worthy, valued, and i