Grade X, Term 1: The Basic Concepts of Sociology

What is meant by basic concept/idea of sociology?
•          Social concept which is used to study and understand about social life reality. 

According to this concept
•          The object of sociology is society and social setting such as social value and social norm.     Either society or social value and social norm are human products.
•         Society influences and shapes human behavior

Sociology has two basic concepts
a. Sociology as a science
    As a science sociology study about society and its circumstance which is constructed      
    systematically based on logical analyzes.
b.  Sociology as a method
     As a method sociology is a way of thinking methodologically to reveal social realities in society   
     by using scientific procedure and theory.

The characteristic sociology as a science
•          Empirical   : based on logical research and it is not speculative theory.
•          Theoretical : developing abstraction from observation or research that is arranged logically
                             and has a purpose to explain causal relation. 
•          Cumulative: Sociology always change and develop based on theory that is exist before. 
•          Non-Ethical: Sociology doesn’t give morality judgments  on facts in society (right-wrong).

There are two scientific methods in sociology
1. Qualitative method: Describing researches based on examining upon the data.
2. Quantitative method: Focusing on numeral or phenomena that is measured by using scale, index                                             or chart.

          The first person who states sociology as a science is Emile Durkheim. Durkheim states that sociology has a clear object study, which is social fact. Durkheim defines social fact as the way of acting, thinking that come from out of the individual. (shaking hand using right hand). Whereas, about methodology on sociology he states value free concept. (an observer must keep distant to the object that he/she examines)

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Grade:10-Term 4: Social control

Social control The effort to create equilibrium/balance condition in society. The goal is to achieve harmony between stability and change in society. In society there are social norms that rule all society members behavior. The norms grow through socialization process, in which determines behaviors that are allowed and not allowed to do. In this process the norms become guidance and standard for society member. Individual in society is dynamic and always grow. They interact each other so that create social change, either progress or regress. The social change also can change social structure that already settled. By changing the social structure can create social disorder system ( ketidakseimbangan sistem ). For example the morality decadency such as free sex, drug abuse, prostitution, corruption etc. With such condition society needs social order to ensure that its members conform to accept and approve ways of behaving. without social control  it is difficult t...
Read more

CULTURE

Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and contribute to society. Thus, culture includes many societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions. This latter term institution refers to clusters of rules and cultural meanings associated with specific social activities. Common institutions are the family, education, religion, work, and health care. Popularly speaking, being cultured means being well-educated, knowledgeable of the arts, stylish, and well-mannered. High culture —generally pursued by the upper class—refers to classical music, theater, fine arts, and other sophisticated pursuits. Members of the upper class can pursue high art because they have cultural capital , which means the professional credent...
Read more

Temporary Group/Kelompok tidak teratur (sementara)

A. CROWD Definition The  crowd  is defined as a relatively large number of people in close proximity to each other (this is sometimes referred to as  localized collectivities ). The crowd reacts at once to a common focus or concern. This is different than the  mass , which refers to people who are concerned about a common concern and influence each other's thinking but are not within close proximity of one another (often referred to as  dispersed collectivities ). Crowds share characteristics: They do not define how to behave or share clear expectations on what will happen. They often feel something must be done right away to address their common concern. Attitudes and ideas about the common concern spread very quickly among crowd members. They often do and say things that they would normally not do, and they go along with the actions of others in the crowd. Crowd Types There are four different types of crowds. 1. Casual Crowd This crowd...
Read more