Sociocultural Research


What it meant by research?
Research is scientific activity of analysing and constructing on certain systematic and consistent method.
Marzuki : Research is an attemp to collect, seek and analyze a fact on certain problem.
W. Lawrence Neuman : A method to collect information by using systematic procedural to get knowledge objectively.

The aims of research

1. To strengthen knowledge
2. To develop knowledge

The requirement of research
  1. Systematic, research does based on certain pattern.
  2. Planned, research does intendingly and doing by using steps. 
  3. Apply scientific concept.
Thinking Framework a researcher should have
 Analitic : He/She always analyze every question or problems occured.
Critical : Using logical thinking and considering everything objectively based on data and analysis of
                clear thought.
Sceptical: do not take for granted but questioning  every proof of problem and evidnece.
Honest: Do not manipulate data for personal intention. 
Open minded: Be ready to give an explanation of the research and opened to be critisized.
Besides of framework, researcher’s attitudes also influence the data collected and the result. The attitudes below should be possed by a researcher:
Objectivity : A researcher does not insert subjective opinion. Data must be pure from field.
Factual : researcher works based on data have been collected.
Competence: A researcher applies certain method and technique in doing research and also able to

                         accomplish the research.

Research Design
1. Select research topic
     The following are some guidances to consider in determining topic
      a. Interesting and important to observe
      b. possible to do by researcher (coverage issue by the researcher)
      c. The availability of data
      d. it has practical use
      e. No plagiarism allowed
2. Formulate the problems or questions of the research.
      a. the problems are formulated in questions
      b. the problems are formulated in simple sentence
      c. the formulation reflect the goal to achieve
3. Choosing research object (population, sample , and research variables)
     a. population : whole elements which are the members of the observed object.
     b. sample       : the chosen research  object to be observed deeply as
                              the example of population.
         -stratified sample : sampling divides population member into strata
                                        or classes. (E.g grade 10, grade 11, grade 12)
        -cluster sample :     choose the sample randomly in every strata.
     c. variable  : variables is any characteristic that may assume more
                           than one set of value or condition in individual or group.
4. Determining data sources.
5. Determining research approach.

BASED ON THE METHOD OR APPROACH, RESEARCH CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
1. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH : is an approach that focuses on the data analysis that classified  
                                                          with
                                                          number. It also determines data quantity collected. Data have 
                                                          been collected will analyze statistically. Usually use survey 
                                                          technique.
2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH :    is an approach to collect data and does not formulate with                                                                      numbers.
                                                          It determines data quality or the depth of data. Usually use 
                                                          interview technique.







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