Social Interaction



Social Interaction is reciprocal relationship in the form of action that influence between individual and individual, individual and group, group and group. 

In the social interaction process individual or group are work together, doing interaction, having conflict formal and non formal and directly or indirectly. In social interaction, reciprocal relationship that involves social aspect and humanity in both sides such as emotion, physical, interest happen.

According to Charles P. Loomis a relation is called social interaction if it has some conditions


1. The doer or agent is more than one
2.  There is communication between agents using language or symbols.
3. There is time dimension: past time, present time and future time.
4. There is a goal to achieved as the result of the interaction.

The conditions in order to social interaction happen there should be social contact and communication.

Social Contact
Social contact can happen not only through interaction or physical contact but also through social contact without having physical contact such as telephone, radio, email and internet.

The characteristics of social contact:
1.  Positive or negative social contact. Positive social contact directs to cooperation,
     moreover, negative social contact directs to competition or conflict.
2. Primary or secondary social contact. Primary social contact happen when individuals have
    face to face contact. Secondary social contact can happen directly or indirectly.
    Secondary contact directly when an individual communicate with others using telephone.
    Moreover, Secondary contact indirectly when an individual ask other person to address  
    messages to others. 

Communication
Communication is condition in order to social interaction. The most important thing in communication there must be an interpretative action such as speaking, gesture or attitude and feeling that are addressed.   
There are five main elements in communication.
1. communicator: The one who deliver messages, feeling or idea to others.
2. Audience (komunikan): One or a group of people who are sent messages, idea or feeling.
3. Message: Thing that is delivered by communicator.
4. Media: instrument to deliver messages.
5. Effect: The changes that are expected to happen to audience after getting messages from   
    communicator.
There are three steps in communication
1. Encoding: idea that are realized into sentence or picture.
2. Addressing: idea that are realized into sentence or picture is addressed.
3. Decoding: process to understand the sentences and picture.




Incentive Factors of Social interaaction



—  Imitation: A learning process by imitating other people behavior.

—  Suggestion: To give influences or advice from One to Another by using certain way so the other follows and accepts the influences for granted.

—  Identification:  Tendency or willingness within Oneself to be similar with other.

—  Sympathy: Feeling of being attractive with other and being able to understand the feeling another person. 

—  Empathy: Deeply sympathy into another’s feeling, which influence one’s psyche, emotion and physical condition.

THE RULE IN INTERACTION

—  SPATIAL RULE
-          INTIMATE DISTANCE
-          PERSONAL DISTANCE
-          SOCIAL DISTANCE
-          PUBLIC DISTANCE
—   TIME RULE
—  GESTURE RULE

INFORMATION RESOURCE
—  Skin Color
—  Ages
—  Sex
—  Physical appearance
—  Body Shape
—  Clothes
—  Discourse

THE PHASE IN INTERACTION
—  Approach phase
—  Loosen phase

STATUS, ROLE, AND individual relation in social interaction.

—  STATUS
                 A status is a socially defined position in a group or society.
•       There are THREE ways to get status. A status can be gained by a person’s direct effort, usually through competition, is called an achieved status. Related to this status there is assigned status. Status that is granted as a reward or appreciation because of personal achievement. Most occupational positions in modern societies are achieved statuses. A social position to which a person is assigned according to standards that are beyond his or her control—usually parentage, age, and sex—is called ascribed status.
—  ROLE
                A role is the behavior expected of someone with a given status in a group or society.

THE FORMS SOCIAL INTERACTION

—  Associative process
-          Cooperation
-          Accommodation
-          Acculturation
-          Assimilation
—  Dissociative Process
-          Competition
-          Contravention
-          Conflict
 

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